Veterinarija ir Zootechnika

This study focuses on enhancing daily milk yield (DMY) in the Saharan environment by exploring the relationships among milking frequency, heat stress, and lactation stage in 187 Holstein dairy cows in the Saharan Ghardaia region over a 12-year period. Key findings indicate that milking three times daily boosts DMY by about 22.67% compared with twice daily milking, with this increase being most significant (P < 0.0001) in cows during their second and third lactations. The temperature-humidity index (THI) plays a pivotal role in DMY. The study shows that the best milk production occurs (P < 0.0001) at lower THI values (below 74), underscoring the importance of optimal environmental temperature and humidity for maximum milk yields. Cows exposed to these lower THI values and milked three times daily achieve the highest milk production (+25%). Thus, combining the right THI conditions with increased milking frequency can significantly (P < 0.0001) enhance milk production. Effective heat stress management is also crucial for optimal milk yields. The study recommends practical strategies like offering sufficient shade, ensuring good ventilation, and giving cows access to cool water. Adjusting their nutrition during high heat stress periods is also vital. Moreover, the timing of milking sessions, especially during the cooler parts of the day, is a key factor in milk production. In conclusion, the research highlights the intertwined roles of various factors, especially milking frequency and THI, in determining the DMY of dairy cows in Saharan areas. It supports the implementation of improved management practices to counter environmental challenges and maximize milk production in such demanding environments.