Veterinarija ir Zootechnika

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of partial feed substitution

The current report presents a clinical case of a true vaginal prolapse complicated with unicornual uterine intussusception and anuria caused by urethral obstruction due to compression in a postpartum bitch. Transabdominal ultrasonographic examination showed no presence of retained fetuses into the birth canal, but an extremely enlarged urinary bladder. After repositioning of the protruded vaginal wall, laparotomy was performed, invagination of the right uterine horn into the uterus was observed, placed back to normal position, and spontaneous urination occurred. Ovariohysterectomy and cervicopexy to the abdominal wall for prevention of recurrence were done. The bitch had full recovery at one month follow-up. True vaginal prolapse in a bitch could be complicated with urethral obstruction due to compression, which may secondarily cause life-threatening azotemia. Reposition of the prolapsed vaginal tissue in the bitch is recommended to be followed by laparotomy in order to correct intussusception of the uterine horns and the body if presented.

The current study aimed to determine the reproductive performance and progesterone profile in East Friesian sheep after GnRH administration on day 4 post artificial insemination (AI). The experiment was carried out with 67 sheep subjected to estrus synchronization and artificial insemination. The animals were divided in two groups: I (control group, n = 30) and II (GnRH group, n = 37), treated by GnRH on day 4 after AI. Rams were introduced on day 12 and removed on day 20 after AI. Ultrasound pregnancy check was on days 20 and 60 after AI, and sheep were separated on the basis of their reproductive status (RS). Blood progesterone (P4) concentrations were measured by ELFA on days 4, 12 and 20 after AI, and a likehood for early embryonic mortality was estimated. The percentages of non-pregnant and pregnant sheep in both groups on day 20 were close; however, there were significantly (P < 0.05) more pregnant sheep in the GnRH group on day 60 compared with day 20. The investigated factors affected the P4 concentrations independently of each other. Analysis of the main effects of GnRH and RS showed a significant (P < 0.005) influence on the progesterone profile. The day after AI had a strong positive effect on the P4 concentration, with significant (P < 0.001) differences between mean P4 values measured during the different days. The estimated likehoods of early embryonic mortality (EEM) for both groups was 25.4%. In conclusion, GnRH injection on day 4 after artificial insemination and the introduction of ram on day 12 did not have a direct effect on the pregnancy rate, but led to improvement of the reproductive performance at the flock level. Gonadotropin releasing hormone treatment, reproductive status and day after AI affected the progesterone concentrations in East Friesian sheep irrespective of each other, and had a significant (P < 0.005) effect on the hormonal profile. The treatment by GnRH on day 4 after AI tended to reduce early embryo mortality, but future investigations are needed to clarify this effect.

Pigeons are highly susceptible to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection, which causes economic losses in terms of increased mortalities, immunosuppression, vaccination costs, and probable trade restrictions. NDV belongs to the avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1). The antigenic variant of APMV-1 is termed as pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1), which is classified in the genus Avulavirus of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae and family Paramyxoviridae. Infections of pigeons with PPMV-1 have been detected since the 1930s, and the virus is still circulating in many countries until now. Domestic, feral, and racing pigeons, doves, and exotic birds are susceptible to PPMV-1 infection. The virus is rapidly spreading between birds through the horizontal route. Infected pigeons may show circling, ataxia, torticollis, head and neck tremors and twisting, leg and wing paralysis, greenish diarrhea, respiratory signs, and polyuria. Some pigeons could be infected with PPMV-1 without apparent signs, and they act as reservoirs for other domestic or free-living birds. The diagnosis of suspected PPMV-1 cases is based mainly on the isolation and identification of the virus, serological detection of specific antibodies, and molecular characterization of the virus. Adoption of strict biosecurity measures as well as vaccination using traditional live or inactivated NDV or even the specific PPMV-1 vaccines are the gold standard methods for preventing pigeons from such infection. Therefore, this review article was designed to focus on PPMV-1 infection regarding the virus characteristics, epidemiology, diagnosis, human infection, and control.

This research was performed to study the performance, intestinal microbiology and morphology of Japanese quails supplemented with two types of edible mushrooms including common (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) powders. A total of 420 twenty-one day old female quail chicks were randomly allocated to seven experimental treatments. Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates of 20 birds. The birds within the control group were given the basal diet for the respective growth stage. The other six groups were fed experimental diets based on the basal diets containing 0.5%, 1%, and 2% of dried common or oyster mushroom powders. Birds were given free access to

In the 20th century, wild otter populations declined across the world. This decline was associated with several factors, such as habitat destruction and hunting. Other underlying causes were anthropogenic contaminant loads in their food and water sources. Aquatic mammals such as otters are very susceptible to chemical contamination and, as top predators, can be considered sentinel species for the health of the ecosystem. This brief review aims to show the presence of environmental contaminants in different otter species and how they may have contributed to the population decline of these species. Although many studies have been carried out on the presence of these compounds in otters, in the future, it is important to continue monitoring these populations to understand their impacts under the One Heath concept.

The Indonesia Artificial Insemination Center wants the production of frozen semen from Aceh bulls as soon as possible to take advantage of the desired genetics. Genetic selection and breeding soundness examination are required to be accepted in the artificial insemination industry. Therefore, seminal plasma protein analysis and semen quality evaluation have prospective use in the selection of superior bulls. This study aims to characterize the protein profile of seminal plasma in Aceh bulls and to determine its correlation with semen quality. A total of four Aceh bulls (24–34 months) belonging to the Livestock Breeding and Forage Center of Indrapuri were selected randomly. Semen ejaculation was used for the evaluation of semen quality (semen volume, colour, consistency, and pH, mass motility, sperm motility, sperm viability, and sperm morphology). The remaining volume of semen was centrifuged to obtain seminal plasma. Total seminal plasma protein concentration (μg/μL) was calculated using the Bradford method, and then the seminal plasma protein was electrophoresed on SDS PAGE and visualized with Coomassie Blue. The results of protein visualization found 16 protein bands with different molecular weights, ranging from 11 to 180 kilo Dalton. In general, the protein band of 15.24 kilo Dalton was more prominent in Aceh bulls. In addition, the seminal plasma protein concentration showed a positive correlation with sperm motility, sperm viability, and sperm morphology. In conclusion, the seminal plasma protein of Aceh bulls is positively correlated with several semen quality variables and may be a useful as an additional parameter for determining semen quality or bulls fertility.

Bovine mastitis is considered a problem that is impossible to eradicate, due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, mainly β-lactams. The aim of this study was to detect antimicrobial resistance genes in bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis in Western Nicaragua. The antimicrobial resistance profile of 30 bacterial strains was evaluated using the phenotypic method for the antibiotics amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), ceftriaxone (CRO), gentamicin (CN), cephalexin (CL), vancomycin (VA) for gram-positive bacteria, while the antibiotics amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (SXT), ceftriaxone (CRO), gentamicin (CN), cephalexin (CL) in gram negative bacteria. In addition, the evaluation of the genotypic method was carried out using the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique for the detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) in gram-negative bacteria and the mecA gene for bacteria of the Staphylococcus genus (MRS). It was possible to identify that the bacterial isolates presented a greater resistance to amoxicillin and oxacillin with 24/30 and 10/14, respectively. On the other hand, 100% of the bacterial strains showed sensitivity to the antibiotics gentamicin (CN) and sulfamethoxazole (SXT). In the present study, 2 antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in the gram-negative isolates related to ESBL, the blaSHV gene coding for the strains: Enterobacter, Serratia and E. coli, while the blaTEM gene was detected in the strains: Enterobacter and Serratia. The blaCTX gene in gram-negatives and the mecA gene in Staphylococcus were not detected.